Homo sapiens

L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron Lamp5 gabaergic interneuron Astrocyte of the cerebral cortex Corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Pvalb chandelier gabaergic interneuron Vip gabaergic interneuron Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Caudal ganglionic eminence derived interneuron L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron Oligodendrocyte Cerebral cortex endothelial cell Pvalb gabaergic interneuron Sncg gabaergic interneuron Sst gabaergic interneuron L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Vascular leptomeningeal cell Microglial cell

Primary motor cortex

42-year-old stage 50-year-old stage 29-year-old stage 60-year-old stage

Normal

Female Male

10x 3' v3

Nucleus

Mus musculus

Adipocyte Brown preadipocyte Brown adipocyte

Embryo

Theiler stage 26 Theiler stage 24 Theiler stage 23 Theiler stage 20 Theiler stage 22 Theiler stage 25 Theiler stage 27

Normal

Female Male

Sci-rna-seq3

Nucleus

Homo sapiens

L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron Lamp5 gabaergic interneuron Astrocyte of the cerebral cortex Corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Pvalb chandelier gabaergic interneuron Vip gabaergic interneuron Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Caudal ganglionic eminence derived interneuron L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron Oligodendrocyte Cerebral cortex endothelial cell Pvalb gabaergic interneuron Sncg gabaergic interneuron Sst gabaergic interneuron L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Vascular leptomeningeal cell Microglial cell

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

42-year-old stage 50-year-old stage 29-year-old stage 60-year-old stage 43-year-old stage

Normal

Female Male

10x 3' v3

Nucleus

Homo sapiens

Fibroblast Lymphocyte Blood vessel smooth muscle cell Macrophage Microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell Endothelial cell of artery

Ascending aorta Descending aorta Bulb of aorta Carotid artery segment Right coronary artery Abdominal aorta Arch of aorta Iliac artery Coronary artery Pulmonary artery

39-year-old stage 48-year-old stage 38-year-old stage 69-year-old stage 46-year-old stage 67-year-old stage

Normal

Female Male

10x 3' v3

Cell

Homo sapiens

Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Oligodendrocyte Microglial cell Neuron Endothelial cell

Frontal cortex

62-year-old stage 73-year-old stage 74-year-old stage 83-year-old stage 96-year-old stage 82-year-old stage 86-year-old stage 70-year-old stage 58-year-old stage 68-year-old stage 66-year-old stage 88-year-old stage 63-year-old stage 84-year-old stage 67-year-old stage 65-year-old stage

Normal Frontotemporal dementia

Female Male

10x 3' v3

Nucleus

Homo sapiens

Cd14-low, cd16-positive monocyte Cd14-positive monocyte Central memory cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell Plasma cell B cell Gamma-delta t cell Naive thymus-derived cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell Effector memory cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell, terminally differentiated Naive thymus-derived cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human Cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell Effector cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell Central memory cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell Natural killer cell Platelet T cell Cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t cell Transitional stage b cell

Hiv infectious disease

10x 3' v3

Drosophila melanogaster

T5 neuron Adult brain cell body glial cell Transmedullary neuron tm20 Adult olfactory receptor neuron gr21a/63a Primary pigment cell T2a neuron Lamina monopolar neuron l5 Medulla intrinsic neuron mi1 Proximal medullary amacrine neuron pm2 Transmedullary neuron tm4 Dopaminergic neuron Transmedullary y neuron tmy8 Kenyon cell Transmedullary neuron tm1 Lamina monopolar neuron l2 Medulla intrinsic neuron mi15 Photoreceptor cell r8 Transmedullary neuron tm5c Distal medullary amacrine neuron dm3 Outer photoreceptor cell Ocellar retinula cell Medulla intrinsic neuron mi4 Transmedullary neuron tm2 Auditory sensory neuron T2 neuron Alpha'/beta' kenyon cell Johnston organ neuron Hemocyte Adult astrocyte-like glial cell Transmedullary y neuron tmy14 T4 neuron Ensheathing glial cell Alpha/beta kenyon cell Proximal medullary amacrine neuron pm4 Antennal lobe projection neuron Subperineurial glial cell Cone cell Lamina wide-field 1 neuron Adult dopaminergic pam neuron Somatic muscle cell Centrifugal neuron c3 Medulla intrinsic neuron mi9 Pigment cell Adult lamina marginal glial cell Adult lamina epithelial glial cell Inner photoreceptor cell Lobula columnar neuron lc12 Transmedullary neuron tm9 Lamina wide-field 2 neuron Lobula columnar neuron lc17 Transmedullary y neuron tmy4 Adult brain perineurial glial cell Epidermal cell Distal medullary amacrine neuron dm10 Lobula columnar neuron lc10 Distal medullary amacrine neuron dm8a Transmedullary neuron tm3 Distal medullary amacrine neuron dm12 Adult optic chiasma glial cell Gravity sensitive johnston organ neuron Optic-lobe-associated cortex glial cell Transmedullary y neuron tmy5a T3 neuron Lamina monopolar neuron l1 Adult lobula astrocyte-like glial cell Olfactory receptor neuron Lamina monopolar neuron l4 Distal medullary amacrine neuron dm9 Photoreceptor cell of bolwig organ Columnar neuron t1 Centrifugal neuron c2 Adult somatic muscle cell of head Distal medullary amacrine neuron dm11 Gamma kenyon cell Photoreceptor cell r7 Lamina monopolar neuron l3

Head

Day 5 of adulthood

Normal

Mixed sex Female Male

10x 3' v3

Homo sapiens

Fibroblast Myelinating schwann cell Contractile cell Lymphocyte Adipocyte Macrophage Sensory neuron of dorsal root ganglion Perineuronal satellite cell Endothelial cell

Seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion Fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion Fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion

21-year-old stage 48-year-old stage 38-year-old stage Life cycle 31-year-old stage 25-year-old stage 16-year-old stage

Normal

Female Male

10x genomics v2 10x genomics v3

Homo sapiens

Oligodendrocyte

Middle temporal gyrus

Adult stage 78-year-old stage 80 year-old and over stage 72-year-old stage 83-year-old stage 85-year-old stage 81-year-old stage 82-year-old stage 86-year-old stage 70-year-old stage 75-year-old stage 50-year-old stage 89-year-old stage 68-year-old stage 29-year-old stage 77-year-old stage 69-year-old stage 88-year-old stage 87-year-old stage 60-year-old stage 80-year-old stage 84-year-old stage 43-year-old stage 65-year-old stage

Dementia Normal

Female Male

10x multiome 10x 3' v3

Nucleus

Drosophila melanogaster

Eo sensory organ accessory cell Tracheolar cell Sensory neuron Cardial cell Glial cell Follicle cell Gustatory receptor neuron Cns surface glial cell Escort cell Male germline cell Spermatocyte Multidendritic neuron Cholinergic neuron Hemocyte Adult astrocyte-like glial cell Adult tracheocyte Neuron Subperineurial glial cell Neurosecretory neuron Leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron Germline cell Somatic muscle cell Somatic precursor cell Polar follicle cell Female germline cell Oenocyte Cell body glial cell Chordotonal neuron Malpighian tubule type i cell Indirect flight muscle cell Adult glial cell Epithelial cell Perineurial glial cell Astrocyte-like glial cell Adult oenocyte Fat cell Muscle cell Leg muscle motor neuron Enteroendocrine cell Neuron

Day 5 of adulthood

Normal

Female Male Mixed sex

10x 3' v3

Mus musculus

Secretory cell Fibroblast Pancreatic d cell Pancreatic pp cell Enteroendocrine cell Regular atrial cardiac myocyte Kupffer cell Pancreatic ductal cell Mature alpha-beta t cell Professional antigen presenting cell Luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland Kidney loop of henle ascending limb epithelial cell Keratinocyte Multiciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree Myeloid cell Pancreatic a cell Astrocyte Pancreatic acinar cell Kidney collecting duct epithelial cell Endothelial cell of coronary artery Cardiac valve cell Epithelial cell of proximal tubule Regular ventricular cardiac myocyte Granulocyte Vein endothelial cell Mesenchymal stem cell Epidermal cell Intermediate monocyte Endocardial cell Lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell Smooth muscle cell Myeloid dendritic cell Basophil Neutrophil Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Epithelial cell Stromal cell Proerythroblast Smooth muscle cell of trachea Enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine Plasma cell Early pro-b cell Immature b cell Oligodendrocyte Basal cell of epidermis Dendritic cell Basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree B cell Regulatory t cell Chondrocyte Circulating fibrocyte Large intestine goblet cell Fibroblast of lung Mucus secreting cell Bergmann glial cell Myeloid leukocyte Pericyte Late pro-b cell Club cell Smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery Neuroepithelial stem cell Hepatocyte Hematopoietic stem cell Non-classical monocyte Precursor b cell Aortic endothelial cell Pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell Kidney interstitial fibroblast Epithelial cell of thymus Interneuron Brain pericyte Lymphocyte Respiratory basal cell Granulocytopoietic cell Leukocyte Cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell Promonocyte Mesangial cell Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell Pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell Ependymal cell Endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel Lung macrophage Granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell Natural killer cell Endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid Macrophage Bladder urothelial cell Skeletal muscle satellite cell Fenestrated endothelial cell Bronchial smooth muscle cell Neural stem cell Tuft cell of large intestine Type b pancreatic cell Mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue Medium spiny neuron Thymocyte Monocyte Intestinal crypt stem cell Pulmonary interstitial fibroblast Mature nk t cell Basal cell Classical monocyte Epithelial cell of large intestine Kidney collecting duct principal cell Adventitial cell Pancreatic stellate cell Cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell Microglial cell Fibroblast of cardiac tissue T cell Neuron Keratinocyte stem cell Naive b cell Dn4 thymocyte Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell Endothelial cell Bladder cell

Skin of body Trachea Brown adipose tissue Lung Aorta Subcutaneous adipose tissue Mesenteric fat pad Liver Bladder lumen Gonadal fat pad Brain Limb muscle Large intestine Bone marrow Tongue Kidney Spleen Thymus Pancreas Heart Diaphragm Mammary gland

20-month-old stage and over 3-month-old stage 18-month-old stage

Normal

Female Male

Smart-seq2

Cell

Homo sapiens

L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron Lamp5 gabaergic interneuron Astrocyte of the cerebral cortex Corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Pvalb chandelier gabaergic interneuron Vip gabaergic interneuron Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Caudal ganglionic eminence derived interneuron L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron Oligodendrocyte Cerebral cortex endothelial cell Pvalb gabaergic interneuron Sncg gabaergic interneuron Sst gabaergic interneuron L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron Vascular leptomeningeal cell Microglial cell

Angular gyrus

Sixth decade stage 42-year-old stage 29-year-old stage

Normal

Male

10x 3' v3

Nucleus